查看完整版本: 光学基础知识：白光、颜色混合、RGB、色彩空间

光学基础知识：白光、颜色混合、RGB、色彩空间

[align=left]1665年，牛顿(Isaac Newton)进行了太阳光实验，让太阳光通过窗板的小圆孔照射在玻璃三角棱镜上，光束在棱镜中折射后，扩散为一个连续的彩虹颜色带，牛顿称之为[color=#ff0000]光谱[/color]，表示连续的可见光谱。而可见光谱只是所有电磁波谱中的一小部分。[/align][img=500,267]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623481.jpg[/img] [img=600,433]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623334.jpg[/img] [align=left]牛顿认为白光(太阳光)使复杂的，由无数种不同的光线混合，各种光线在玻璃中受到不同程度的折射。棱镜没有改变白光而只是将它分解为简单的组成部分，把这些组成部分混合，能够重新恢复原来的[url=http://action.vogate.com/c/c.php?r=http%3A//xx521.com/sjjs/ShowClass.asp%3FClassID%3D170%26page%3D4&aid=6413&sid=6235007045043601&click=1&url=http%3A//www.china6767.cn&v=0&s=http%3A//xx521.com/sjjs/syys/syxt/200801/49436.html&rn=800124&k=%u767D%u8272][size=5]白色[/size][/url]。利用第二块棱镜可以将扩散的光再次合成为白光。[/align][align=left]在重新合成之前，通过屏蔽部分光谱，可以产生各种颜色。Young在1802年的实验表明：如果在红、绿、蓝区域选择部分光谱，这三者适当的混合可以再现白光。[/align][align=left]后来，Helmholtz成功地定量分析了这种现象。混合物中红、绿、蓝比例的变化可以产生多种颜色，几乎可以产生任何颜色，[color=#ff00ff]红色、绿色、蓝色三者等量的混合可以再现白色[/color]。[/align][align=left]所以：[color=#ff0000]红、绿、蓝这三种颜色就称为“三原色”(RGB)[/color]。[/align][color=#ffffff][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623638.jpg[/img][/color]
[color=#ff0000]红色(Red)[/color]
[color=#ffffff][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623148.jpg[/img][/color]
[color=#00ff00]绿色(Green)[/color]
[color=#ffffff][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623254.jpg[/img][/color]
[color=#0000ff]蓝色(Blue)[/color]
[align=left]红、绿、蓝光的混合结果暗示了人眼也拥有三种颜色的灵敏读，分别对应于红、绿、蓝。这种三灵敏度理论称之为Young-Helmholtz颜色视觉理论。它可以对三原色合成颜色作出非常简单的解释。[/align][align=left]三原色理论被广泛应用于各种涉及视觉的场合。[/align]





[align=left][color=#ff00ff]补色的概念：从白色中减去颜色A所形成的颜色，称之为颜色A的补色 (complementary color)。[/color][/align][align=left]补色的形成：(白色减掉三原色，就是黑色)[/align][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623164.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623688.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623638.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623694.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623675.jpg[/img]
[img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623164.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623688.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623148.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623694.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623733.jpg[/img]
[img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623164.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623688.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623254.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623694.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623790.jpg[/img]
[img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623164.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623688.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623638.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623688.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623148.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623688.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623254.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623694.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111624578.jpg[/img]
[align=left]补色的特点：当使用某个补色滤镜时，该补色对应的原色会被过滤掉：[/align][img=600,350]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111624215.jpg[/img]

[align=left]原色以及所对应补色的名称：[/align][color=#ffffff]原色[/color]
[color=#ffffff][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623638.jpg[/img][/color]
[color=#ff0000]红色(Red)[/color]
[color=#ffffff][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623148.jpg[/img][/color]
[color=#00ff00]绿色(Green)[/color]
[color=#ffffff][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623254.jpg[/img][/color]
[color=#0000ff]蓝色(Blue)[/color]
[color=#ffffff]补色[/color]
[img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623675.jpg[/img]
[color=#00ffff]青色(Cyan)[/color]
[img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623733.jpg[/img]
[color=#ff00ff]洋红色(Magenta)[/color]
[img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623790.jpg[/img]
[color=#ffff00]黄色(Yellow)[/color]

[align=left]颜色再现有两种方式：[/align][align=left][color=#ff00ff]1、原色加法[/color]：三原色[url=http://action.vogate.com/c/c.php?r=http%3A//xx521.com/sjjs/ShowClass.asp%3FClassID%3D170%26page%3D4&aid=6491&sid=6235007045043601&click=1&url=http%3A//www.918520.com&v=0&s=http%3A//xx521.com/sjjs/syys/syxt/200801/49436.html&rn=646043&k=%u5168%u90E8][size=5]全部[/size][/url]参与叠加形成白色，任意其中两种原色相加形成不参与合成的颜色的补色。[/align][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623638.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111624769.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623148.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623694.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623790.jpg[/img]
[img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623148.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111624769.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623254.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623694.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623675.jpg[/img]
[img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623254.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111624769.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623638.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623694.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623733.jpg[/img]
[img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623638.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111624769.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623148.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111624769.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623254.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623694.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623164.jpg[/img]
[align=left]这是合成的示意图：[/align][color=#ffffff][img=350,335]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111624923.jpg[/img] [/color][color=#ffffff]加色法[/color]





[align=left][color=#ff00ff]2、原色减法[/color]：三补色全部参与叠加形成黑色，任意其中两种补色相加形成不参与合成的颜色的原色。[/align][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623733.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111624769.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623675.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623694.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623254.jpg[/img]
[img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623675.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111624769.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623790.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623694.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623148.jpg[/img]
[img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623790.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111624769.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623733.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623694.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623638.jpg[/img]
[img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623733.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111624769.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623675.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111624769.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623790.jpg[/img][img=30,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111623694.jpg[/img][img=50,50]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111624578.jpg[/img]
[align=left]这是合成的示意图：[/align][img=350,335]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111624789.jpg[/img] [color=#ffffff]减色法[/color]
[align=left]原色加法比较简单，由原色叠加而形成其他颜色，但是应用较少；而原色减法是从白色中减掉相应原色而形成其他颜色，就是用补色来叠加形成其他颜色，应用的场合比较多。[/align][align=left][color=#ff00ff]色彩空间[/color][/align][align=left]随着数字摄影的兴起，计算机处理图象已经成为主流，但是现在多数的计算机设备无法完全再现人眼可辨认的色彩。一般的数字影像都是采用了sRGB色彩空间，处理范围比较宽的是Adobe RGB。下面是国际照明委员会(CIE)颁布的CIE1993-RGB系统的色度图：[/align][img=500,485]http://xx521.com/sjjs/UploadFiles_1367/200801/2008111624401.jpg[/img]

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